Ecological threats to security and state resilience in Afghanistan

This work explores ecological and climate-related threats to Afghanistan discusses support approaches from a European Crisis Management (ECM) perspective. It goes beyond the much-debated troop withdrawal, COVID-19 crisis peace negotiations opens an underestimated topic: ‘Climate Change Assistance’. The article aims advance knowledge on effects of climate change human security in advocates conflict-sensitive approach. To this end, assessment situation was undertaken several threat scenarios, options solutions for enhancing state resilience were developed. bases research field trips by author since 2004, workshops extensive literature review. As result, it can be stated that negative impacts pollution Afghanistan’s development architecture are massive make ECM efforts very complex. However, capacity-building initiatives military, diplomatic, humanitarian local stakeholders identified. On regional level, includes early warning systems hydro-diplomacy with Pakistan, Iran India. community water management environmental protection matters, while building upon traditional Afghan mechanisms handling crises or disasters. Another outcome is need more in-depth as some findings also useful other fragile states. paper argues there urgent respond devastating identifies smart opportunities tackle root causes conflict.